Digging Deeper

Copilot: American nationals are not “foreign persons” for the purpose of I.R.C. Chapter 3 “foreign person” withholding in 26 U.S.C. 1441 and 26 C.F.R. 1.1441-1

June 12, 2025

EDITORIAL COMMENT: This dialog contains equivocation surrounding whether “U.S. national” is a nonresident alien so it fails the “law of…

U.S. v. Goelet, 232 U.S. 293 (1914) and U.S. v. Bennett, 232 U.S. 299 (1914)

June 9, 2025

CASE LINKS: SIGNIFICANCE: These two cases present the question of whether the constitutional power of excise taxation over property located…

Commissioner v. Glenshaw Glass, 358 U.S. 426 (1955)

June 7, 2025

Case Link: https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=11404527107386030954 Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commissioner_v._Glenshaw_Glass_Co. IMPORTANCE: This case is famous because it redefined “gross income” for the purposes of I.R.C.…

Meta AI: Proof that the “citizen of the United States” in the I.R.C. is a VOLUNTARY privilege

June 7, 2025

Meta Ai, 6/6/2025 EDITORIAL: This line of questions is based on information derived mainly from the opening page of this…

PERPLEXITY AI: Can a nonresident party outside of exclusive federal jurisdiction be a “person” under federal law, or do they have to be sued under STATE law instead?

June 1, 2025

EDITORIAL: This interchange PROVES that a nonresident alien can be NEITHER a “person” under 26 U.S.C. 6671(b) or 26 U.S.C.…

DEBATE: Confusion created by Citizen* and Citizen**+D nomenclature

May 30, 2025

EDITORIAL: This debate is very helpful to our readers for discerning the bright red line separating PUBLIC and PRIVATE in…

Copilot: Cook v. Tait, 265 U.S. 47 (1924) Implications

May 29, 2025

EDITORIAL: The “identity theft” and “human trafficking” described in our answers here can be reported to the IRS on the…

DEBATE: About the meaning of “United States” in I.R.C. 864(b)

May 21, 2025

QUESTION: I believe your conclusions in this article are errant. PROOF: “United States” INCLUDES (not means) the government, FTSIGhttps://ftsig.org/proof-united-states-includes-the-government/#2._EXAMPLE United…

Helvering v. Davis, 301 U.S. 619 (1937)

May 15, 2025

Case Link: https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=8426251106033758246 The Helvering case was a direct and early challenge to the Social Security Act. This is an…

DEBATE: Items identified as FDAP on IRS website include private property

April 26, 2025

EDITORIAL: This debate surrounds what is “included” in FDAP items listed under 26 U.S.C. 871(a)(1). It does so in the…