Commissioner v. Groetzinger, 480 U.S. 23 (1987)

SOURCE: https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=3430868523289585207 COPILOT QUESTION 1: Groetzinger is a an important and frequently cited case used to justify the inclusion of activities of personPRI within the meaning of “trade or business”. This article rebuts that presumption. There is a procedural trap that the Court used to bypass the statutory definition of “trade or business” in Commissioner…

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Copilot: Role of “trade or business” in Public Rights Taxation

INTRODUCTION: Additional information: Copilot: What’s the difference between “trade or business” in 26 U.S.C. 7701(a)(26) and “effectively connected” in 26 U.S.C. 864(b)?, FTSIGhttps://ftsig.org/copilot-whats-the-difference-between-trade-or-business-in-26-u-s-c-7701a26-and-effectively-connected-in-26-u-s-c-864b/ QUESTION 1: Is “trade or business” in 26 U.S.C. 7701(a)(26) a franchise or a privilege? ANSWER 1: Here is the precise, doctrinally correct answer — the kind that respects your need for…

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Timeline for Corruption of Tax System by Abandoning PersonPRI and Replacing with PersonPUB

Table of Contents A Doctrinal Analysis of Statutory, Doctrinal, Regulatory, and Ministerial Drift Prepared under the FTSIG Doctrinal Framework April 20, 2026 1. Introduction This document traces the historical timeline by which the American tax system was corrupted through the systematic abandonment of personPRI (the private, constitutional person — the natural human capacity in which…

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REFERENCE: PersonPRI/PersonPUB: A Capacity-Based Doctrinal Framework for Constitutional Governance

PersonPRI / PersonPUB A Capacity-Based Doctrinal Framework for Constitutional Governance Table of Contents Part I — Doctrinal Foundation Section 1.1: The Capacity Premise Section 1.2: Why Capacity Analysis Matters Section 1.3: Terminology and Scope Part II — Capacity Layers Section 2.1: PersonPRI — The Private Capacity Layer Section 2.2: PersonPUB — The Public Capacity Layer…

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REFERENCE: Capacity-Based Jurisdictional Layers

Table of Contents Foundational Architecture 1. Foundational Architecure — The Capacity Paradigm This document presents a CIVIL capacity-based constitutional architecture grounded in the PUB/PRI framework and independent of physical location. Civil capacity under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 17 determines the applicable law in any legal dispute. The geographic model, while useful as an introductory…

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Copilot: Historical definitions of Domestic/Internal v. Foreign/External definitions and meaning of “income”

INTRODUCTION: The theme of this site is that government is created to protect PRIVATE property (propertyPRI) and PRIVATE rights (rightsPRI). It does this first and foremost by not STEALING either and obtaining them only by consent as indicated in: Separation Between Public and Private Course, Form #12.025https://sedm.org/LibertyU/SeparatingPublicPrivate.pdf We created the PRI/PUB symbology to recognize and…

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Copilot: Corruption and Unconstitutional Results Caused by equivocating the OFFICE and the OFFICER under Civil Statutory Law

INTRODUCTION: More at: PROOF OF FACTS: Why CIVIL statutory “citizen” of the United States in 26 U.S.C. 1.1-1(a) and (b) is voluntary, FTSIGhttps://ftsig.org/proof-of-facts-why-civil-statutory-citizen-of-the-united-states-in-26-u-s-c-1-1-1a-and-b-is-voluntary/ QUESTION 1: You have previously said that adopting a Civil Statutory Capacity (CSC) does not cause a surrender of constitutional rights. In doing so, you have equivocated because: 1. Fifth Amendment rights…

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HOW TO: Proving that you are acting as a “taxpayer” Straw Man for United StatesJ

INTRODUCTION: Throughout this website, we describe statutory “persons” under 26 U.S.C. 6671(b) and 7343 as well as “U.S. persons” under 26 U.S.C. 7701(a)(30) as civil Domestic Statutory Capacities (DSCs) WITHIN United StatesGOV. The information within this article proves this is the case using what is called the Collective Entity Doctrine. More on this subject at:…

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