The “Equal Footing” Paradox: State Sovereignty and the Federal Definition of Alienage

1. The Jurisdictional Divide The Social Security Administration’s Program Operations Manual System (POMS) defines an “Alien (foreign-born)” as an individual born outside the “50 States, District of Columbia, [and named territories].” See SSA POMS RM 10211.050. Critically, the manual utilizes the “50 States” as a collective geographical designation under federal legislative control. It fails to…

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