FAQ: If “U.S. Person” wasn’t created in the code until 1962, what was the office or property interest before that which allowed for volunteering?

By ftsig-admin | March 10, 2025

QUESTION:

The term “United States Person” first appeared in the Internal Revenue Code in 1962 with Public Law 87-834, 76 Stat. 988, Section 7(h). The first NRA publications showed up in 1967….5 years after the U.S. person status showed up. If the U.S. person status wasn’t created until then, what was the office or property interest BEFORE that?

How would one go about explaining the subclass of U.S. citizens being an election before the U.S. person status was even legislated, for example, in the 1950s?

ANSWER:

1. The legal definition of “citizen” states that you’re a volunteer.

citizen.  One who, under the Constitution and laws of the United States, or of a particular state, is a member of the political community, owing allegiance and being entitled to the enjoyment of full civil rights.  All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.  U.S. Const., 14th Amend.  See Citizenship.

“Citizens” are members of a political community who, in their associated capacity, have established or submitted themselves to the dominion of a government for the promotion of their general welfare and the protection of their individual as well as collective rights.  Herriott v. City of Seattle, 81 Wash.2d 48, 500 P.2d 101, 109.

The term may include or apply to children of alien parents from in United States, Von Schwerdtner v. Piper, D.C.Md., 23 F.2d 862, 863; U.S. v. Minoru Yasui, D.C.Or., 48 F.Supp. 40, 54; children of American citizens born outside United States, Haaland v. Attorney General of United States, D.C.Md., 42 F.Supp. 13, 22; Indians, United States v. Hester, C.C.A.Okl., 137 F.2d 145, 147; National Banks, American Surety Co. v. Bank of California, C.C.A.Or., 133 F.2d 160, 162; nonresident who has qualified as administratrix of estate of deceased resident, Hunt v. Noll, C.C.A.Tenn., 112 F.2d 288, 289.  However, neither the United States nor a state is a citizen for purposes of diversity jurisdiction.  Jizemerjian v. Dept of Air Force, 457 F.Supp. 820.  On the other hand, municipalities and other local governments are deemed to be citizens.  Rieser v. District of Columbia, 563 F.2d 462.  A corporation is not a citizen for purposes of privileges and immunities clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.  D.D.B. Realty Corp. v. Merrill, 232 F.Supp. 629, 637.

Under diversity statute [28 U.S.C. §1332], which mirrors U.S. Const, Article III‘s diversity clause, a person is a “citizen of a state” if he or she is a citizen of the United States and a domiciliary of a state of the United States.  Gibbons v. Udaras na Gaeltachta, D.C.N.Y., 549 F.Supp. 1094, 1116.
[Black’s Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition, p. 244]

2. The U.S. Supreme said citizens are volunteers

“The people of the United States resident within any State are subject to two governments: one State, and the other National; but there need be no conflict between the two. The powers which one possesses, the other does not. They are established for different purposes, and have separate jurisdictions. Together they make one whole, and furnish the people of the United States with a complete government, ample for the protection of all their rights at home and abroad. True, it may sometimes happen that a person is amenable to both jurisdictions for one and the same act. Thus, if a marshal of the United States is unlawfully resisted while executing the process of the courts within a State, and the resistance is accompanied by an assault on the officer, the sovereignty of the United States is violated by the resistance, and that of the State by the breach of peace, in the assault. So, too, if one passes counterfeited coin of the United States within a State, it may be an offence against the United States and the State: the United States, because it discredits the coin; and the State, because of the fraud upon him to whom it is passed. This does not, however, necessarily imply that the two governments possess powers in common, or bring them into conflict with each other. It is the natural consequence of a citizenship [92 U.S. 542, 551]  which owes allegiance to two sovereignties, and claims protection from both. The citizen cannot complain, because he has voluntarily submitted himself to such a form of government. He owes allegiance to the two departments, so to speak, and within their respective spheres must pay the penalties which each exacts for disobedience to its laws. In return, he can demand protection from each within its own jurisdiction.”

[United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U.S. 542 (1875)  [emphasis added]

3. The Thirteenth Amendment forbids Involuntary Servitude:

Thirteenth Amendment
Slavery And Involuntary Servitude

SECTIONS 1 AND 2. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

4. If civil obligations attach to a civil statutory status such as “citizen”, then the civil status has to be voluntary.

26 CFR § 1.1-1 – Income tax on individuals.

(b) Citizens or residents of the United States liable to tax. 

In general, all citizens of the United States, wherever resident, and all resident alien individuals are liable to the income taxes imposed by the Code whether the income is received from sources within or without the United States. Pursuant to section 876, a nonresident alien individual who is a bona fide resident of a section 931 possession (as defined in § 1.931-1(c)(1) of this chapter) or Puerto Rico during the entire taxable year is, except as provided in section 931 or 933 with respect to income from sources within such possessions, subject to taxation in the same manner as a resident alien individual. As to tax on nonresident alien individuals, see sections 871 and 877.

In the above regulation, you UNVOLUNTEER by:

  1. American Nationals or POLITICAL Citizens: Claiming a “foreign status”
  2. Aliens:
    2.1. LEAVING the foreign country you are physically present within so that you no longer satisfy the “presence test” found in 26 U.S.C. §7701(b).
    2.2. Marrying a nonresident alien NATIONAL and filing the way do as permitted by 26 U.S.C. §6013(g) and (h)

Conclusions

Therefore, the conclusion is inescapable that you HAVE to volunteer to be a “taxpayer”.

1. All civil societies are based on compact or contract according to SCOTUS.

2. The reason the word “civil” is in front of the word “compact” is because THAT COMPACT is implemented with the civil statutory franchise codes.

3. You JOIN that compact or contract by consenting to call yourself a CIVIL member called a CIVIL citizen+D or resident+D. That consent manifests itself as DOMICILE or some kind of consent piled on TOP of domicile using franchises. That’s exactly what Blacks’ Dictionary and Am.Jur admitted: Franchises ADD to rights of ordinary POLITICAL citizens.

“In a legal or narrower sense, the term “franchise” is more often used to designate a right or privilege conferred by law, [1]   and the view taken in a number of cases is that to be a franchise, the right possessed must be such as cannot be exercised without the express permission of the sovereign power [2]   –that is, a privilege or immunity of a public nature which cannot be legally exercised without legislative grant. [3]   It is a privilege conferred by government on an individual or a corporation to do that “which does not belong to the citizens [NATIONALS or “nationals of the United StatesP” who are nonresident aliens] of the country generally by common right.” [4] For example, a right to lay rail or pipes, or to string wires or poles along a public street, is not an ordinary use which everyone may make of the streets, but is a special privilege, or franchise, to be granted for the accomplishment of public objects [5]  which, except for the grant, would be a trespass. [6]    In this connection, the term “franchise” has sometimes been construed as meaning a grant of a right to use public property, or at least the property over which the granting authority has control. [7]”
[American Jurisprudence 2d, Franchises, §1: Definitions (1999)]

Black’s Law Dictionary REPEATS the above requirement that a franchise is a PRIVILEGE that ADDS to the powers of an ordinary POLITICAL and not CIVIL citizen* (meaning a “national of the United StatesP“) under the definition of “privilege” as follows:

Privilege.  A particular benefit or advantage enjoyed by a person, company, or class beyond the common advantages of other citizens [meaning POLITICAL citizens* who are “nationals of the United StatesP” or “U.S.* nationals”]. An exceptional or extraordinary power or exemption.  A peculiar right, advantage, exemption, power, franchise, or immunity held by a person or class, not generally possessed by others.

[Black’s Law Dictionary, Sixth Edition, p. 1197]

4. By consenting through either DOMICILE or an election that ADDS to domicile, you SURRENDER your PRIVATE rights in exchange for PUBLIC privileges.

5. The Constitution protects private rights. The CIVIL law protects only PUBLIC rights. That is the requirement of the PUBLIC Rights Doctrine of SCOTUS. This is also confirmed by Munn v. Illinois

When one becomes a member of society, he necessarily parts with some rights or privileges which, as an individual not affected by his relations to others, he might retain. “A body politic,” as aptly defined in the preamble of the Constitution of Massachusetts, “is a social compact by which the whole people covenants with each citizen, and each citizen with the whole people, that all shall be governed by certain laws for the common good.” This does not confer power upon the whole people to control rights which are purely and exclusively private, Thorpe v. R. & B. Railroad Co., 27 Vt. 143; but it does authorize the establishment of laws requiring each citizen to so conduct himself, and so use his own property, as not unnecessarily to injure another. This is the very essence of government, and 125*125 has found expression in the maxim sic utere tuo ut alienum non lædas. From this source come the police powers, which, as was said by Mr. Chief Justice Taney in the License Cases, 5 How. 583, “are nothing more or less than the powers of government inherent in every sovereignty, . . . that is to say, . . . the power to govern men and things.”

[Munn v. Illinois, 94 U.S. 113 (1877); SOURCE: https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=6419197193322400931]

Although the above ruling talks about “citizen” civil status as a method of surrendering rights, that concept similarly applies to ANY civil franchise status, such as “citizen”, “resident”, “person”, “individual”, etc. All such CIVIL statuses are, after all, just a marker of SOME kind of “membership” as indicated above that causes a “tacit procuration” and surrender of PRIVATE rights in exchange for PUBLIC rights. Invoking them is an exercise of your First Amendment right to contract and associate and thereby SURRENDER PRIVATE rights in exchange for PUBLIC privileges. That subject is covered in:

Acquiring a “Civil Status”, FTSIG
https://ftsig.org/civil-political-jurisdiction/acquiring-a-civil-status/

6. Notice they admitted that they can’t regulate or tax or “govern” those who don’t join! That’s why the First Amendment IS the First Amendment: Because the first thing you do when forming any society is give the right to NOT consent to join. What else matters if you can’t refuse? The Godfather: An offer you can’t refuse.

7. The PURPOSE of joining is therefore to PROTECT PROPERTY, but you have to DONATE your property to the public before they can protect it. Would you hire a security guard who insisted on transferring title to all property you wanted him to protect? That is our conclusion on the FTSIG.ORG opening page.

8. Those who do NOT consent remain foreign, private, and a “non-person”.

9. Income tax are membership dues for the Private CIVIL STATUTORY Membership Association (PMA) called “the State”. As a collective it is “sovereign”, but they want you to give up all your personal sovereignty to join it. See:

Collectivism and How to Resist It Course, Form #12.024
https://sedm.org/LibertyU/Collectivism.pdf

That, in a nutshell, is the FATAL flaw of the system and why it inevitably will self-destruct: Because it is incompatible with PRIVATE property and PRIVATE rights, is based on COLLECTIVISM, and is ENGINEERED to DEFEAT the very PURPOSE of its creation, and its ONLY PURPOSE, which is the protection of PRIVATE property. The above is also EXACTLY what Meta AI agreed with also:

AI DISCOVERY: How being privileged as an alien or consenting as an American National affects your constitutional rights, FTSIG
https://ftsig.org/ai-discovery-how-being-privileged-as-an-alien-or-consenting-american-national-affects-your-constitutional-rights/

10. The “U.S. person” status was created to make that process of volunteering INVISIBLE by hiding it through equivocation so that people would not be informed that they have to consent. See:

Invisible Consent, FTSIG
https://ftsig.org/how-you-volunteer/invisible-consent/

If you don’t understand the difference between a POLITICAL citizen* and a CIVIL/DOMICILED citizen**+D, then you will falsely believe simply being born constitutes consent to join the CIVIL compact.

All this is already on the FTSIG opening page in the conclusions, Section 13.
https://ftsig.org

If you would like more evidence that corroborates the above, see:

  1. U.S. Person Position, Form #05.053
    https://sedm.org/Forms/05-MemLaw/USPersonPosition.pdf
  2. AI DISCOVERY: How being privileged as an alien or consenting as an American National affects your constitutional rights, FTSIG
    https://ftsig.org/ai-discovery-how-being-privileged-as-an-alien-or-consenting-american-national-affects-your-constitutional-rights/
  3. Why Statutory Civil Law is Law for Government and Not Private People, Form #05.037
    https://sedm.org/Forms/05-MemLaw/StatLawGovt.pdf
  4. Why Domicile and Becoming a ‘Taxpayer” Require Your Consent, form #05.002
    https://sedm.org/Forms/05-MemLaw/Domicile.pdf
  5. How American Nationals Volunteer to Pay Income Tax, Form #08.023
    https://sedm.org/Forms/08-PolicyDocs/HowYouVolForIncomeTax.pdf
  6. Membership in a Specific Class, Status, or Group As a Cause for Loss of Rights, SEDM
    https://sedm.org/membership-in-a-specific-class-status-or-group-as-a-cause-for-loss-of-rights/
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